The protection and promotion of human rights, including the freedom of religion and belief, is a priority for Ireland. The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (more commonly referred to as freedom of religion or belief) is a fundamental freedom, enshrined in Article 18 of both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Ireland strongly condemns all forms of persecution on the basis of religion or belief, irrespective of where they occur or who the victims are. Ireland is committed to advancing the freedom of religion or belief in our multilateral and bilateral engagements.
Ireland consistently raises issues related to freedom of religion or belief at the United Nations, including at the UN Human Rights Council and during the Universal Periodic Review process, which acts as a peer review of the human rights situation in all UN Member States.
Most recently, at the UN General Assembly’s Third Committee in October 2025, Ireland restated our concern for the persecution of people on the basis of their religion. In particular, we condemned all acts of hatred, including the oppression of Christians, Muslims and religions minorities, during the interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief.
Within the EU, Ireland works with partners to address the persecution of religious communities. The current EU Action Plan for Human Rights and Democracy 2020-2024 (now extended to 2027) includes an express reference to stepping up action to combat discrimination on any ground, including religion or belief.
Ireland is a member of the International Contact Group on Freedom of Religion or Belief (ICG), which was established in 2015. The purpose of the group is to encourage and deepen coordination between countries committed to advancing religious freedom. Since joining the ICG, Ireland has participated in bi-annual meetings to discuss ways in which the ICG can combine efforts in the promotion of freedom of religion or belief for all.