Cathal Crowe
Question:
27. Deputy Cathal Crowe asked the Minister for Defence the main policy achievements of her Department since 22 January 2025; and if she will make a statement on the matter. [23073/26]
View answer
The detailed information sought by the Deputy is not readily available within the time frame sought. The information is being compiled by my officials and I will arrange to have it forwarded to the Deputy as soon as it is available.
The following deferred reply was received under Standing Orders.
I refer to the above-referenced Parliamentary Question for which it was not possible to provide a reply within the available timeframe.
The response below details the main policy achievements of my Department from 22 January 2025 to 20 March 2026.
PQ23073/26: To ask the Minister for Defence the main policy achievements of her Department since 22 January 2025; and if she will make a statement on the matter - Cathal Crowe.
The Programme for Government published in 2025 contains an ambitious range of commitments concerning the Defence sector that my Department will continue to implement over the lifetime of the Programme.
As Minister, I am deeply committed to the transformation of the Defence Forces into a modem fit for purpose organisation to defend the State and meet the challenges of today and the future. Across Europe, all countries are experiencing an increasingly contested, dynamic and volatile international security environment.
In the context of our geopolitical position in Europe, it is essential that we as a country take our security responsibilities seriously.
We as a government are ambitious in enhancing our defence and this is reflected in the significant increases in our defence spending in the past few years. This has allowed us to procure much needed capabilities. We have set out a future pathway to continue these expenditure increases.
Defence Forces Strength
The strength of the Permanent Defence Force (PDF) as at 28 February 2026, the latest date for which this figure is available for, stood at 7,835 personnel or 80% of an agreed establishment strength of 9,739. The strength of the PDF was 7,557 at the 31 December 2024.
A range of key enabling measures undertaken by Government over the last number of years to support and drive recruitment to the Defence Forces appear to be yielding positive results. Last year saw an increase of just under 200 personnel in the overall strength of the PDF. This builds on the stabilisation of the strength achieved in 2024. There were 790 inductions to the PDF in 2025 which exceeds by more than 10% the total of 708 achieved for all of 2024 and is the highest number in 20 years. Conversely, the number of personnel discharged from the Defence Forces fell by 91 from 674 in 2024 to 583 last year.
Interest in a career in the Defence Forces was notably high in 2025 with a total of 16,510 applications received - an increase of more than 20% on the total for 2024.
NDP
In December of last year, I published the Defence Sectoral National Development Plan 2026-2030.
The revised NDP Capital allocation provided capital funding of € 1.7 billion for the Defence Vote Group for the period 2026-2030, an increase of €600 million (55%) on the previous baseline of €1.1 billion. For 2026, a record capital investment allocation of €300 million has been provided.
The revised allocations will assist ongoing efforts at modernising and upgrading Defence equipment and built infrastructure platforms and will enable targeted progression on key elements of Government commitments towards Level of Ambition 2 (LOA 2) (Enhanced Capability) objectives, as outlined in the Commission on the Defence Forces Report.
Commission on Defence Forces
The Commission on the Defence Forces was established on foot of a commitment in the Programme for Government 2020, and its report was published on the 9th of February 2022. The Detailed Implementation Plan for the Report of the Commission report was published in November 2023. Much progress has been achieved since the publication of this report which includes:
- Changes to the existing Naval Service allowances into one enhanced allowance
- Extension of private secondary healthcare to enlisted ranks
- Increase of the maximum retirement age for Permanent Defence Force personnel to 62 and increase in the maximum recruitment age to 39 for those roles.
- increase of the maximum recruitment age for Direct Entry Officer specialists to 50.
- The increased use of Direct Entry Recruitment into Specialist Posts in the Permanent Defence Forces
- Removal of the blanket exclusion from the Working Time Directive.
- Revised ATCP priorities, structures and resources have been implemented.
- The establishment of the Office of Veteran Affairs.
An Updated Detailed Implementation Plan for the Report of the Commission on the Defence Forces was published on 10 February 2026.
As of 20 March 2026, 54 of 113 Accept/Accept in Principle recommendations were completed, including one Further Evaluation (FE).
The 16 remaining recommendations which are for Further Evaluation (10) and Revert to Government (6) will also be progressed as per the timelines in the Updated Detailed Implementation Plan.
Strategic Framework
A new Strategic Framework was published on 10 February 2026 in tandem with an Updated Detailed Implementation Plan for the Report of the Commission on the Defence Forces.
The Strategic Framework sets out the immediate actions to be taken to support the transformation of the Defence Forces into a fit-for-purpose organisation, ready to defend the State and meet the challenges of today and the future.
IRG Report
Following the publication of the Report of the Independent Review Group on Dignity and Equality issues in the Defence Forces in March 2023 (the 'IRG Report'), the Strategic Framework for the Transformation of the Defence Forces was developed with the purpose to bring together into one overarching document, from the multiplicity of plans developed, the immediate actions to be taken to support the transformation of the Defence Forces into a fit for purpose organisation to defend the State and meet the challenges of today and the future.
The IRG report recommended that members of the Defence Forces have 'access to an independent, external complaints service delivered by a professional service provider for as long as it takes to put a trusted internal system in place'. A new Interim Grievance Manager Process, which launched in April 2025, provides serving members of the Defence Forces (both permanent and reserve) with an external and independent process through which complaints of an interpersonal nature such as complaints of bullying, harassment and sexual harassment and victimisation can be examined.
Mr. Kevin Duffy, former Chair of the Labour Court, was appointed as the Interim Grievance Manager (IGM) of the Defence Forces. The new IGM process is in place for an initial 12 months' trial period. A review of the process at that stage will inform the primary legislation required to establish a suitable complaints process for serving members of the Defence Forces on a statutory basis.
I recently approved the Defence Forces’ detailed review of the Redress of Wrong procedures and the process of designing a new statutory based complaints/grievance management system is underway.
All these processes form part of a wider review and redesign of the grievance management framework within the Defence Forces, which is aimed at building trust and confidence in the complaints processes.
In January 2025, the Tribunal of Inquiry issued Discovery Orders against the Minister for Defence and the Chief of Staff of the Defence Forces. Following an extensive submission of records to the Tribunal, Discovery was completed in November 2025.
I am committed to fully assisting the Tribunal in completing this important work. The Department is continuing to correspond with the Tribunal on requests received to assist the Tribunal in its investigations.
During 2025, one Statutory Instrument (S.I. 338 of 2025), was made under section 60(6) of the Data Protection Act 2018, to support the work of the Defence Forces Tribunal of Inquiry.
The National Suicide Research Foundation were engaged to undertake a study of deaths by suicide by current and former members of the Defence Forces. The Study commenced in April 2025 and is expected to be completed in 2026.
Capability Development
The Capability Development Unit is continuing its work to develop a Capability Development Programme that will identify, at a high level, the Capability requirements for the Defence Forces out to 2040. This work will inform shorter term Capability Development Plans.
The Capability Development Programme is scheduled for completion and approval in the first half of 2026, with the initiation of the first plan scheduled for 2028.
As part of an active project for the enhancement of Subsea Domain Awareness capabilities, a contract was awarded in the first half of 2025 for subsea awareness capability. The new sonar acquisition will be used for monitoring and surveillance in the subsea domain, thus significantly enhancing maritime security. Work is continuing on the design of the solution, the development of an advanced training programme and establishment of the procedures and structures required within the Defence Forces to operate the new capability.
The updated Defence Forces Infrastructure Development Plan (IDP), which sets out a programme of project delivery for the years 2023 to 2027, estimates infrastructure requirements to be in the region of some €370m for the coming years.
The capital allocation for 2025 stood at €50m for capital investment with a further €12.5m allocation for ongoing maintenance and running costs.
This year the allocation has risen to €67.5m with a further €13.5m allocation for the Defence Forces delegated maintenance budget.
In order to further accelerate the development of Defence Forces infrastructure, a series of masterplans will be developed to identify immediate and long-term infrastructural requirements. The first such masterplan for the Airside in Casement Aerodrome, Baldonnel was completed in February 2025 and the masterplan process for the Naval Base, Haulbowline is near completion.
Significant progress has been made in relation to delivery of the Military Radar Programme, with approval of the Preliminary Business Case in Q4 2025. Following this, the Department is now engaging in detailed negotiations with France on a potential Government-level agreement for the delivery of the various capability requirements under the Programme. Furthermore, contractual arrangements have also been put in place which will see the delivery of Counter-UAS capabilities during the first half of this year.
Aircraft Capabilities
Strategic airlift capability has been prioritised as a capability for investment following Government approval of the Commission on the Defence Forces Report as part of the move to LOA 2 capability. In September 2025, a new Airbus C-295 Fixed Wing Military Transport Aircraft for the Defence Forces was delivered to the Air Corps. This aircraft provides a utility transport function and is now in operational use.
A new multi-purpose strategic reach aircraft, Dassault Aviation Falcon 6X, was delivered to the Air Corps in December 2025 and is now in operational use.
The Department of Defence recently signed contracts for delivery of four new Airbus H145M helicopters. These helicopters which will be delivered on a phased basis in 2027 and 2028 will assist with pilot training, deployment of Special Forces, ISTAR, medical evacuation, and light attack roles, to complement the existing fleet.
Land Capabilities
With the focus on essential force protection by armoured vehicles, a significant investment has been made in recent years in the Army's fleet of 80 MOWAG armoured personnel carriers. A mid-life upgrade maintenance and upgrade programme for the fleet of vehicles is nearing completion at a cost of
€77m plus VAT which will extend the utility of the fleet and provide greater levels of protection, mobility and firepower and which will seek to ensure viability of the fleet beyond 2030. Over ninety percent of the fleet have now been upgraded. The programme is due to complete in 2026.
Progression of the Armoured Fleet Programme is continuing, with the Department now commencing detailed negotiations with France on a potential agreement for the delivery of all capability requirements under the Programme.
A tender competition concluded in 2023 with a contract put in place with a French company Thales for the supply of Software Defined Radio systems to the Defence Forces. The scope of the project consists of two main requirements: Personal Soldier Radios and Multi-Band Handheld, Manpack, Vehicular and Airborne radios. Delivery of equipment in accordance with this contract commenced in early 2024 and will continue over a 5-year period.
Naval Service Capabilities
A number of equipment projects were progressed for the Naval Service during 2025, including the Vessel Renewal and Replacement Programme with the ongoing replacement of the four Naval Service Reserve launches and the upgrading of secondary armament across the fleet, along with the conclusion of the Mid-Life Extension Programme for the P50 class of vessel and work on the second Inshore Patrol Vessel.
Integrated Modular Body Armour System
Investment in force protection equipment was progressed under the Department's Equipment Development Plan. A tender competition to procure new general service body armour, known as Integrated Modular Body Armour System (IMBAS), was completed in 2025 and deliveries are expected to commence in 2026.
Joint Procurement
SAFE (Security Action for Europe)
On 27 June, the then Tánaiste and Minister for Defence Mr. Simon Harris T.D. agreed that the Department should leverage a new European Union instrument, the SAFE (Security Action for Europe) Regulation, to accelerate the delivery of Ireland's defence capability. SAFE is intended to help EU Member States jointly procure equipment and provides an efficient mechanism to acquire equipment identified as a need for the Defence Forces.
In line with this approach, the Department of Defence opened up the contract for the supply of Integrated Modular Body Armour Systems (IMBAS) to other EU Member States under SAFE. This illustrates Ireland's support for SAFE and visibly demonstrates how the instrument can be used to the mutual benefit of Member States who choose to use it.
EDA
Ireland sees joint procurement with other EU Member States as an effective strategy to acquire equipment, leveraging economies of scale and the knowledge and experience of many Member States.
In line with this strategy, Ireland is a participant in a number of European Defence Agency (EDA) joint procurement projects, including for various types of ammunition and Chemical Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) protection suits. Framework contracts for ammunition and suits were placed by EDA in 2025, allowing Ireland to place orders for phased deliveries over the next six years.
Working Time Directive
Following the removal of the exemption for Members of the Defence Forces from the Organisation of Working Time Act, 1997 (OWTA) in January 2025, the provisions in the OWTA including daily and weekly rest and maximum weekly working time over a 17-week period now apply to Defence Forces members apart from when they are engaged on exempted activities. Military Authorities have developed a composite framework document to underpin the implementation of the Directive at all levels of the Organisation. Work is progressing on the final strand in the implementation of the Working Time Directive towards the completion of a Terms and Conditions of Service contract for members of the Defence Forces.
Pay (SCS and PIP Allowance)
The Pilot Service Commitment Scheme (SCS) has been extended to include members of the Air Corps engaged in the provision of Air Traffic Control services. The Scheme is an incentive for newly qualified pilots to remain in service after they have completed their 12-year Wings Course commitment and for recommissioned pilots who have completed their short service commission.This development will assist with retention of key personnel and stabilisation of the Air Traffic Service provided at Casement Aerodrome which requires a broad range of specialised personnel. The Air Traffic Service SCS operates in the same way as the Pilot SCS and is a high value incentivising initiative for these specialised staff to remain in service.
The Professional Instructors Payment (PIP) has been introduced to recognise the unique and critical role of instructors in delivering consistent, effective training. This new payment reflects the enhanced professional level of officer instructor training now being undertaken.
Legislation
The General Scheme of the Defence (Amendment) Bill was approved by Government in March 2025. The purpose of this Bill is to:
• • revise and consolidate the current legislation, including the provisions concerning the operation of the so-called 'Triple Lock' mechanism, relating to the dispatch of members of the Defence Forces for service outside the State; and,
• • give effect to recommendations pertaining to suspension and associated provisions contained within the report prepared by Mr. Peter Ward, Senior Counsel, concerning the management of members of the Defence Forces charged with, or convicted of, serious criminal offences.
The pre-legislative scrutiny (PLS) of the Bill was completed at the end of July 2025 with the publication of the Joint Oireachtas Committee's Report.
My Department has engaged with the Office of Parliamentary Counsel (OPC) to finalise the drafting of the Bill which has concluded recently and will be brought to Government for approval shortly by the end of Q2 2026.
Defence (Amendment) (No. 2) Bill 2026
This Bill will amend the Defence Act 1954 to provide for the exercise of certain powers at sea by the Defence Forces and to make provision for the role of the Defence Forces in aid to the civil power.
The General Scheme of the Bill was approved by Government on the 9th March 2026. Consideration is being given to the most expeditious manner in which these legislative amendments can be progressed and enacted.
Civil Defence
As part of the Department's review of activities under the "Towards 2030" policy document for Civil Defence, the policy and standard operating guidelines for Boat Operations, Welfare (including Catering and Rest Centres) and Pump operations (Flood response) were updated in 2025. The Department is also progressing a review of training delivery and the volunteer recruitment and retention strategy.
International
The Department's focus in 2025 was on Ireland's engagement with the EU's White Paper for European Defence - Readiness 2030 which was published on 19 March 2025 and on the Preserving Peace - Defence Readiness Roadmap 2030, published on 16 October 2025, which sets out objectives and milestones to achieve defence readiness by 2030, as outlined in the White Paper. The White Paper seeks to mitigate some of the threats and challenges Europe collectively faces, by focusing on projects to achieve enhanced surveillance and situational awareness.
Since the publication, my Department is engaged on analysing the various proposals in respect of strengthening the European defence industrial base and reducing dependencies outside of the Union, on capability development - to procure together more regularly and to procure from the European defence industry and to encourage greater cooperation between the EU and Ukraine defence industries to allow Ukraine to participate in joint procurement and support Ukrainian defence industry in its industrial ramp-up.
Through the EU Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine (EUMAM Ukraine) to date, the Defence Forces have delivered training modules in tactical combat casualty care/combat lifesaver, demining/mine clearance, drill instruction training, basic training, and junior leadership training to approximately 1200 Ukrainian personnel across separate modules. Since its launch in 2022, EUMAM Ukraine has trained over 85,000 Ukrainian soldiers and conducts training only on EU soil.
Ireland participated with a contingent of the Permanent Defence Force in the 2025 German-led EU Battlegroup (EUBG), with the two year commitment ending on 31 December 2025. In early 2025, the EU conducted a Military Live Exercise in Hungary in which the Defence Forces participated as part of the German-led EU Battlegroup. This was the third EU military live exercise, following on from previous exercises in Spain and Germany and the second in support of preparations for EUBG 25.
In March 2026, Government approval was secured for the establishment of a Defence Attaché network on a pilot basis, with Ireland’s bilateral Embassies in Paris, London and Washington DC chosen as the programme’s locations in light of their strategic importance. The establishment of a Defence Attaché Network will enhance Ireland’s strategic partnerships, improve military cooperation with key partners and ensure Ireland’s defence expertise and perspectives are represented within important strategic forums. These new postings will enable us to exchange information, support shared security objectives and continue to contribute to global peace and stability and advance Ireland’s interests abroad.
In addition, in March 2026, I, along with the United Kingdom Secretary of State for Defence, John Healey MP, signed an update of the existing Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Ireland and the UK on the enhancement of bilateral engagement on certain aspects of Defence and Security. This refreshed MoU updates the version signed in 2015 and provides for a particular focus in such areas as Maritime, Cyber Defence and Security, Air (Information Sharing) and Joint Procurement initiatives among other topics.
Emergency Planning
The Government Taskforce on Emergency Planning have worked with the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Hybrid CoE) to deliver a cross-government seminar on the laws of sea, protection of undersea infrastructure and hybrid threats .Ireland’s first ever national-level hybrid threats exercise was conducted.
A new national-alerting platform for convening the National Emergency Coordination Group was implemented.
A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed by senior officials in the Department of Defence and the UK Cabinet Office Briefing Rooms Directorate to take effect on 6 November 2025. The MoU establishes bilateral cooperation between Ireland and the UK in respect of risk management and emergency preparedness.
Funding has been secured and preparations begun for the 4th All-Island Disaster Risk Reduction Conference due to take place in Q2 2026.
Resilience
OEP progressed the development of a National Strategy on the Resilience of Critical Entities which was published in March 2026.
The process to review the National Risk Assessment for Ireland for 2026 has begun.
OEP commenced dialogue with counterparts in the administration of the State Service of Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine to establish and define areas of cooperation between the two countries in the field of critical infrastructure protection.
OEP, together with the Northern Ireland Executive Office contributed to the successful application of Fermanagh and Omagh District Council, and Monaghan County Council for €2.3 million in funding under the PEACE programme to conduct research and develop a set of actions around improvising information sharing, risk management and developed of cross border resilience.
Maritime Security
I launched Ireland's first-ever National Maritime Security Strategy on 25 February 2026.
My vision for this strategy is that it will support the protection of a secure and sovereign Ireland, where our people and interests are protected, and where our European and international partners can rely on us to uphold the rule of law in the maritime domain. My focus is now on its implementation.
I am progressing the development of urgent legislation to provide the Defence Forces with new powers when operating at sea. This is in order to safeguard Ireland’s maritime domain and protect the State’s sovereign rights in its territorial sea and exclusive economic zone.
I am also providing funding to a new pilot programme focused on maritime security research in the National Maritime College of Ireland.
In support of the strategy’s development, my officials led a Public Consultation in summer 2025 to gather views on this work and to build consensus on the diverse threats, risks, challenges and opportunities being faced by the country.
Another initiative taken to support this focus on maritime security is the approval for the Defence Forces in April 2025 to participate in the EU's Common Information Sharing Environment (CISE).
This EU initiative enables structured and secure information-sharing among EU maritime authorities, both civil and military, allowing for more effective operations at sea amid new and evolving maritime threats.
Office of Veterans Affairs
The Office of Veterans Affairs was formally established on 10f November 2025. The Office, which was a recommendation of the Commission on the Defence Forces and a commitment in the current Programme for Government, plays a key role in coordinating matters relating to Defence Forces' veterans.
I am satisfied that significant progress is being made in implementing the Government's ambitious programme for Defence and I look forward to the ongoing delivery of key commitments.