The Office of Public Works (OPW) is responsible for maintaining some of Ireland’s most important and iconic structures, a diverse range of nationally and internationally significant historic heritage properties including 780 National Monuments, 32 National historic visitor sites, over 100 stone buildings in Dublin which are home to Government, State Agencies and National Cultural Institutions. In addition, the OPW maintains a portfolio of historic buildings nationwide, which house Garda stations, Departmental offices, educational facilities, lodges and visitor centres.
In December 2019, the European Commission adopted a Communication on the European Green Deal, in which the renovation of both public and private buildings was highlighted as a key initiative to drive energy efficiency in the sector and deliver on climate objectives.
To assist in the approach to improving the energy efficiency of OPW owned traditionally built heritage properties, my Office has developed a guidance document, ‘Approaches to Improving the Energy Performance of Heritage Properties in State Care’ which was funded by the Department of Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation. The document was published in 2024 and is available at www.gov.ie/en/office-of-public-works/campaigns/improving-the-energy-performance-of-heritage-properties-in-state-care/
Building on the work to develop the guidance, my Office successfully partnered with Limerick City and County Council and Technical University of the Shannon to secure EU funding, for the ‘Support to the Renovation Wave – Deep Energy Renovation of Historic Buildings in Ireland’ project. This funding supported a series of energy upgrade case studies to demonstrate the recommended approach developed in the guidelines, in practice. The case studies span a variety of traditional building typologies found in Ireland and across Europe, and represent a variety of common challenges and constraints
In early 2025, a three-day training programme was delivered to more than 400 participants from the OPW and across the Irish public sector, including representatives from the local authorities, government departments and heritage organisations. The training covered recent and upcoming changes to national and European policies, technical evaluation tools and techniques, and practical case-based learning. It established a shared understanding of how to balance climate action with heritage conservation principles. This training is now available online via the EU Academy.
Within the OPW, there is a programme for technical personnel to support sustainable heritage retrofits. Training covers thermal imaging, U-value testing, and hygrothermal analysis, enabling staff to execute high-impact, low-risk upgrades across historic state-owned buildings without compromising their architectural integrity.
In addition, the OPW continues ongoing collaboration with other organisations and stakeholders; including SEAI through our participation on the steering group of the FabTrads Study to review the performance of traditional building fabric.
The National Development Plan, supported by the Programme for Government, commits to a once in-a-generation investment in the renovation and redevelopment of our National Cultural Institutions (NCI). As the technical lead on the NCI programme the OPW has a central focus on the objectives of the Climate Action Plan including decarbonisation and is incorporating innovative retrofitting initiatives as a key driver to the investment scheme.
The OPW in addition to the development of the guidelines, pilot studies and NCI programme is continuously engaged in a programme of maintenance and renovation works to the everyday but equally important historic buildings in our care. Boiler replacements and heating systems upgrades, roof repairs, the installation of appropriate breathable insulations, window and door repair / replacement, the installation of solar collectors PV panels and other renovation works improve / repair building fabric and result in improved energy efficiency and building performance.
The OPW has been innovative in the use of district heating systems in Ireland. An OPW owned and operated district heating system, which utilises biomass (wood pellets) renewable energy, serves the Leinster house complex, government buildings and 3 of the city centre cultural institutions which reduces carbon and increases efficiency. There is ambition to continually seek to utilise / improve this district heating systems that all buildings served by this system will benefit from.
It is envisaged that District Heating will play a significant role in the decarbonisation of heating systems in Traditional Buildings as interventions to reduce heat demand by upgrading building fabric can be limited. Changing the heating source to district heating from renewable energy has the potential to provide a solution for these building types. The OPW is engaging with district heating utility providers regarding planned schemes in some larger urban areas, for example the Dublin Waste to Energy District Heating Scheme served from Poolbeg. This process will continue as plans for district heating schemes are further developed and the Heat (Networks and Miscellaneous Provisions) Bill is enacted.