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Tuesday, 17 Jun 2025

Written Answers Nos. 159-175

Shannon Airport Facilities

Ceisteanna (159)

Catherine Connolly

Ceist:

159. Deputy Catherine Connolly asked the Tánaiste and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade if he is satisfied that an aircraft which landed at Shannon Airport on 21 May 2025 was not operating as a “state aircraft” with reference to the definition provided for by section 5 of the Air Navigation and Transport Act 1950, or as a "foreign military aircraft" with reference to the definition provided pursuant to S.I. No. 74/1952 - Air Navigation (Foreign Military Aircraft) Order 1952, in light of legal filings submitted by the United States Department of Homeland Security to the US Supreme Court, which described the aircraft as a “military flight” (details supplied); if he is satisfied that the landing of that aircraft without the prior approval by the Government did not amount to a breach of the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [32758/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

Under the terms of the Air Navigation (Foreign Military Aircraft) Order, 1952, all foreign military aircraft wishing to overfly, or land in, the State require diplomatic clearance from the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Foreign military aircraft are defined under the Air Navigation (Foreign Military Aircraft) Order, 1952, as 'including naval, military and air force aircraft, and every aircraft commanded by a person in naval, military or air force service detailed for the purpose shall be deemed to be an aircraft used in military service'.

The flight in question was a non-scheduled civil charter flight, which stopped at Shannon Airport for non-traffic purposes. As such, no request for diplomatic clearance was sought or required. Diplomatic clearance to overfly or land in the State is required from my Department for all military and state aircraft, but not for civil aircraft. The regulation of civil aircraft and flights, in accordance with the Chicago Convention, is a matter for the Department of Transport.

Middle East

Ceisteanna (160)

Pádraig Rice

Ceist:

160. Deputy Pádraig Rice asked the Tánaiste and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade his views on the boarding of the Madleen boat by the Israeli military; if his Department intends to support the activists that are now in Israeli custody; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [32793/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

I refer the Deputy to the reply to PQ31536/25.

Judicial Reviews

Ceisteanna (161)

Ivana Bacik

Ceist:

161. Deputy Ivana Bacik asked the Tánaiste and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade the number of judicial review cases his Department has defended in each of the past ten years; the number in relation to which proceedings are pending or continuing; the number of cases which were lost and won, respectively, in the same period; the number of cases that settled in the past ten years; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [32842/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The table below outlines the number of cases where the Department has been named as a party in Judicial Review proceedings and files have been closed. As per Dáil Standing Order 70, it would be inappropriate to comment further on sub judice matters.

Year

Cases Closed

2015

0

2016

0

2017

2

2018

8

2019

5

2020

3

2021

4

2022

6

2023

8

2024

4

2025 to date

0

State Bodies

Ceisteanna (162)

Roderic O'Gorman

Ceist:

162. Deputy Roderic O'Gorman asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment if the staffing and resources available to the Maritime Area Regulatory Authority are sufficient to enable the agency to adequately perform its statutory functions to validate, assess and issue maritime area consent and marine usage licences in a timely manner. [32827/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The Maritime Area Regulatory Authority (MARA) is the statutory body responsible for regulation in the maritime area.

Section 64(1) of the Maritime Area Planning Act 2021 provides that the MARA may, with the consent of the Minister and approval of the Minister for Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation, appoint such and so many persons to be members of staff as the Authority may determine.

The allocation of approved staff is a matter for the MARA. The MARA has a budget of €5.16m toward payroll related costs and I am advised that, recruiting within the confines of an approved Workforce Plan, it is estimated that it will have a staff complement of 68 by end year.

The MARA is actively recruiting staff to enhance its ability to perform its statutory functions. MARA's structural growth is being informed by learnings from its first two years of operation and by the demand for its services. Taking those learnings into consideration, my Department recently approved a request by the MARA to amend its current workforce plan grade structure, within its current pay allocation, to better reflect the operational needs of the Authority.

Energy Conservation

Ceisteanna (163)

Erin McGreehan

Ceist:

163. Deputy Erin McGreehan asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the actions his Department has considered to reduce the cost of retrofitting existing housing stock. [31869/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The Climate Action Plan sets ambitious targets to retrofit the equivalent of 500,000 homes to a Building Energy Rating of B2/cost optimal level and install 400,000 heat pumps in existing homes by the end 2030. A range of measures have been introduced under the National Retrofit Plan in recent years to support the achievement of our targets. These include:

• enhanced Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) grant schemes with simplified application processes and faster approvals, including a greater focus on heat pumps;

• the establishment of a network of twenty four SEAI registered One Stop Shops with further growth in the network expected this year;

• enhanced supports for retrofitting apartment buildings and flat complexes;

• piloting of new supports for area-based retrofit projects and traditional buildings;

• the Home Energy Upgrade Loan Scheme providing retrofit loans with interest rates as low as 3%;

• a reduction in the VAT rate for heat pumps to 9% and a 0% rate for solar panels;

• a tax incentive to encourage small-scale landlords to undertake retrofitting works while the tenant remains in situ; and

• a range of measures to increase the number of workers with retrofit skills, including the establishment of six Retrofit Centres of Excellence.

These various measures have been designed to work effectively with each other. For instance, the retrofit loan works in conjunction with the SEAI grants and VAT reductions to make retrofitting homes more affordable.

The measures introduced are translating into delivery. In the period 2019 to date, the SEAI schemes have provided €1.3 billion in support to homeowners for 203,700 home energy upgrades, including almost 65,000 B2s, and 27,800 fully-funded upgrades for households at risk of energy poverty under the Warmer Homes Scheme.

This year, a record €550 million allocation to the SEAI will support over 64,500 home energy upgrades and build on the momentum seen in recent years.

My Department together with the SEAI engage in a continuous process of monitoring and review, which includes progressing projects piloting new supports such as the Traditional Homes Pilot and the Warmer Homes Heat Pump Pilot. This ensures that the SEAI residential and community grant supports evolve in a way that responds to homeowner demand while taking account of research, innovation, evolving technology and other relevant factors.

Energy Conservation

Ceisteanna (164)

Erin McGreehan

Ceist:

164. Deputy Erin McGreehan asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment if there are plans to review the warmer homes scheme to allow greater flexibility for householders. [31870/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The Warmer Homes Scheme aims to improve the energy efficiency and warmth of homes owned by people in energy poverty by providing fully-funded retrofits. The scheme is operated by the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) on behalf of my Department and is funded through carbon tax receipts and the European Regional Development Fund.

Last year saw a record spend of almost €230 million under the scheme. As reported by the SEAI, this resulted in 7,743 upgrades being provided to low-income households, a 31% increase on 2023. This year’s budget includes an allocation of €280 million for the Warmer Homes Scheme, representing an 11-fold increase on the 2020 expenditure figure.

There are a number of home energy improvements offered as part of the scheme. The upgrades that will be recommended for a property will depend on many factors, including the age, size, type and condition of the property. For each eligible home, the SEAI’s technical surveyor will determine which upgrades can be undertaken and funded.

The measures which are available were selected as the most likely to deliver significant energy savings to homeowners as well as the best value for money for the Exchequer. The grant schemes provided by the SEAI are reviewed on a regular basis and are informed by ongoing pilots such as the Traditional Homes Pilot and the Warmer Homes Heat Pump Pilot.

The Warmer Homes Scheme targets support to those at risk of energy poverty and living in the least efficient homes so that the resources available can have the greatest impact. My Department and the SEAI will continue to ensure that grant schemes terms and conditions, eligibility criteria and rates are kept under review taking account of demand, research, innovation, evolving technology and other relevant factors.

Grant Payments

Ceisteanna (165)

Michael Cahill

Ceist:

165. Deputy Michael Cahill asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment to urgently address the long delays in SEAI grant processing times, that are over two years long; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [32060/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The Warmer Homes Scheme aims to improve the energy efficiency and warmth of homes owned by people at risk of energy poverty by providing fully funded retrofits. The scheme is operated by the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) on behalf of my Department and is funded through the carbon tax receipts and the European Regional Development Fund. Last year saw a record spend of almost €230 million under the scheme. As reported by the SEAI, this resulted in 7,743 upgrades being provided to low-income households. This year’s budget includes an allocation of €280 million for the Warmer Homes Scheme.

These budgets have allowed the scheme to deliver a greater number of deeper and more complex upgrades in recent years. This is reflected in the average cost of upgrades which the SEAI indicates has increased from €2,600 in 2015 to just under €29,000 in Q1 of 2025. These deeper upgrades mean that more lower income homeowners are benefitting significantly from warmer, healthier and more comfortable homes.

For homes completed in 2024, the average waiting time was 18 months for the worst performing homes (those with a BER of E, F or G) and 19 months for better performing homes. The average waiting time under the Warmer Homes Scheme, from application to completion of upgrade works, to date in 2025 is 21 months for the worst performing homes and 22 months for better performing homes (average 21.6 months). It is important to note that these averages represent a significant reduction since 2022 when the average waiting time was 26 months. The reduction in waiting times follows a range of measures introduced by my Department and the SEAI. These include the allocation of additional staff to the Warmer Homes Scheme; a significantly increased budget allocation; active contract engagement and management by the SEAI to increase contractor output; as well as actions to address ongoing supply chain and inflationary pressures.

Given the very high number of applications (~12,000 in 2024 vs ~2,800 in 2021) and the greater volume of deeper retrofits being provided under the scheme, the SEAI is projecting that new applications may face longer waiting times. My Department and the SEAI continue to keep waiting times under review, and to work to deliver energy upgrades to low-income households and reduce the waiting times for the Warmer Homes Scheme as a priority. Applicants can contact the SEAI at any time to get further information on the status of their application either by email or by telephone – details are on the SEAI website. Oireachtas members can make queries on behalf of applicants by contacting the dedicated email address oireachtas@seai.ie.

Climate Change Policy

Ceisteanna (166)

Carol Nolan

Ceist:

166. Deputy Carol Nolan asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the legal basis for the threatened €26 billion in fines related to Irish climate targets, both in domestic and Irish law; when the Government and Dáil Éireann agreed to accede to the instruments which expose the State to such fines; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [32079/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The Question is taken as referring to climate targets under both domestic and EU law.

Under the European Climate Law which entered into force on 29 July 2021, the EU and Member States have committed to reduce net GHG emissions by at least 55% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels.

To deliver on this commitment, a legislative package known as the ‘Fit for 55’ package was agreed and includes measures such as a regulation on LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry) and the revised Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR).

Member States' national GHG emissions reduction targets out to 2030 are set by the revised ESR which entered into force on 16 May 2023. This covers those sectors of the economy that fall outside the scope of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) including transport, buildings, agriculture, light industry and waste. Ireland’s target under the Regulation is to reduce our GHG emissions by at least 42% by 2030, relative to 2005 levels. The Regulation also provides for the introduction of annual targets (annual emissions allocations – AEAs) for each year 2021 – 2030.

Member States can meet these targets through direct emissions reductions, as well as through additional compliance options provided for in the ESR framework. This approach enables flexibility among Member States to help achieve targets as efficiently as possible.

The ESR governance framework does not provide for the imposition of direct fines, however, partially purchasing compliance, as outlined above, could have significant costs. Estimating these costs requires working with significant data limitations as, at this point, there is no established cost for purchase of allowances from other Member States.

These EU targets are also in line with domestic commitments as set out in the Climate Action and Low Carbon Development (Amendment) Act 2021.

Land Issues

Ceisteanna (167)

Pat Buckley

Ceist:

167. Deputy Pat Buckley asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment to confirm who owns the land a facility (details supplied) is situated on. [32138/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

With respect to the oil refinery at Whitegate in Cork, I am advised that it is operated by Irving Oil. Any queries with respect to ownership of lands are best directed to Irving in the first instance.

I am further advised that the State did operate the refinery for periods up to the year 2001 when it was sold in to the private market.

Energy Conservation

Ceisteanna (168)

Colm Burke

Ceist:

168. Deputy Colm Burke asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment if an application (details supplied) for the warmer homes scheme could be prioritised; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [32301/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The Warmer Homes Scheme aims to improve the energy efficiency and warmth of homes owned by people in energy poverty by providing fully-funded retrofits. The scheme is operated by the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) on behalf of my Department and is funded through the carbon tax receipts and the European Regional Development Fund.

Last year saw a record spend of almost €230 million under the scheme. This resulted in 7,743 upgrades being provided to low-income households, a 31% increase on 2023. This year’s budget includes an allocation of €280 million for the Warmer Homes Scheme. This represents an 11-fold increase on the 2020 expenditure figure.

Individual applications to the Warmer Homes Scheme are an operational matter for the SEAI and, as Minister, I have no function in relation to applications. Applications are assessed on the basis of when they first apply to the SEAI. Homes with the worst Building Energy Ratings (E, F or G) are then prioritised for works. No other prioritisation takes place under the scheme.

Delivering energy upgrades to low-income households while also reducing the wait times for the Warmer Homes Scheme is a top priority for my Department and the SEAI. My officials continue to work with the SEAI to further accelerate and maximise the output of free energy upgrades thereby minimising waiting times.

Applicants can contact the SEAI at any time to get further information on the status of their application either by email or by telephone – details are on the SEAI website. Oireachtas members can make queries on behalf of applicants by contacting the dedicated email address oireachtas@seai.ie.

The Deputy may wish to note that Government also has other schemes and supports in place which may be of assistance where there is an urgent need:

• The Department of Social Protection's Additional Needs Payment is a payment available to people who have essential expenses that they cannot pay from their weekly income. Additional Needs Payments are paid under Supplementary Welfare Allowance which is administered by the Community Welfare Service or the Department of Social Protection. Details are available here: www.gov.ie/en/service/4eb45-additional-needs-payment/.

• The Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage's Housing Adaptation Grants can assist older people to have necessary adaptations, repairs or improvement works carried out in order to make their accommodation more suitable for their needs. Details are available here: www.gov.ie/en/service/6636c-housing-adaptation-grants-for-older-people-and-people-with-a-disability/.

Energy Policy

Ceisteanna (169)

Barry Heneghan

Ceist:

169. Deputy Barry Heneghan asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment if the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland plans to offer a replacement scrappage deal on gas boilers that are aged over 15 years old for domestic residential properties only. [32338/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

My Department funds a number of schemes administered by the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) to support homeowners to improve the energy efficiency of their dwellings. Individual energy upgrade grants are available under the Better Energy Homes Scheme; the National Home Energy Upgrade Scheme, which provides an end-to-end service through One Stop Shops; and the Community Energy Grant Scheme, which supports energy efficiency upgrades undertaken as part of a community project. There are also fully funded upgrades for qualifying households.

The SEAI residential and community retrofit programmes are available to households, including those reliant on fossil fuel boilers for heating, who wish to undertake energy upgrades and who meet the programme criteria.

Grant supports under the part-funded schemes are available for installing heat pumps in place of fossil fuel heating systems and, in recent years, a range of measures have been put in place to incentivise take-up among homeowners, including:

• enhanced grant rates of up to €10,500 for heat pumps when a B2 energy rating is achieved;

• amending the construction rule for grant support for heat pumps to include homes built and occupied before 2021;

• changes to the SEAI scheme rules to make the process of accessing heat pump grants easier for homeowners;

• a reduction in the VAT rate to 9% that applies to heat pumps; and

• measures to expand the supply chain.

In keeping with the commitments in the Programme for Government to further support homeowners, including those in older homes, to adopt renewable heating systems, work is ongoing in my Department and the SEAI to improve the accessibility and uptake of grants taking account of ongoing pilots like the Traditional Homes Pilot and the Warmer Homes Heat Pump Pilot.

In line with the requirements of the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, and its overarching policy objective to reduce carbon emissions and reduce reliance on fossil-fuels, there are no plans to introduce a like-for-like replacement scrappage deal on gas boilers under the SEAI residential energy upgrade schemes.

Departmental Websites

Ceisteanna (170)

Albert Dolan

Ceist:

170. Deputy Albert Dolan asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment if his Department’s website employs analytics tools (details supplied) that track website traffic using UTM parameters (for example, utm_source); if so, whether any visits have been recorded with a specific parameter or similar identifiers indicating traffic from ChatGPT; and to provide the monthly number of such visits, if recorded, for each of the past 12 months, in tabular form. [32494/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

My Department’s website is housed on gov.ie which is centrally managed by the Office of the Government Chief Information Officer (OGCIO), with Departmental sites administered by individual Departments.

Gov.ie employs analytics tools on the site which enable Departments to identify sources of traffic to their own Departmental sites. Traffic from ChatGPT over the past 12 months to the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment is identified in the table below.

OGCIO changed its analytics provider from Google to Matomo in late 2024 for operational reasons. The information below is via Google Analytics from June to November 2024, and via Matomo thereafter.

11-30 June 2024

Jul-24

Aug-24

Sep-24

Oct-24

Nov-24

Dec-24

Jan-25

Feb-25

Mar-25

Apr-25

May-25

1-11 June 2025

0

0

52

149

423

209

461

660

722

612

535

640

115

Departmental Contracts

Ceisteanna (171)

Mairéad Farrell

Ceist:

171. Deputy Mairéad Farrell asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the costs incurred by his Department and bodies under its aegis from contracts awarded to communications and PR firms in 2024; the name of the contractor and a description of the work undertaken in each case; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [32634/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

My Department has a dedicated communications and media relations function who manage public relations and media queries, alongside digital marketing, campaigns, events, and internal communications. In previous years, my Department has engaged external experts in communications, public relations, and public affairs when specialist or extensive support was required; however, no such engagements were made in 2024.

Wind Energy Generation

Ceisteanna (172)

Mark Wall

Ceist:

172. Deputy Mark Wall asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment when the current planning guidelines in use for an inland wind farm will be updated in view of the recent high court ruling in Wexford; if he has considered the consequences of this ruling; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [32698/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

As Minister, I have no formal role or function in the assessment of noise in the planning system. The 2006 Wind Energy Development Guidelines set out noise parameters for that sector and any further iteration of these guidelines, including any changes to the noise assessment criteria, are the statutory responsibility of my colleague the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Ceisteanna (173)

Pa Daly

Ceist:

173. Deputy Pa Daly asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment his views on supporting the European Commission proposal for a 90% reduction in EU emissions; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [32715/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

Under the European Climate Law, the European Commission is required to propose a target for a reduction in the EU’s net greenhouses gas emissions by 2040.

In February 2024, the European Commission presented its Impact Assessment for the proposal where, in line with advice from the European Scientific Advisory Board on Climate Change, it was recommended to reduce the EU’s net greenhouse gas emissions by 90% by 2040 relative to 1990.

The Commission is expected to publish its legislative proposal for the target reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2040 in the coming weeks.

Work is ongoing across Government and engagement underway with other EU Member States and the Commission in relation to the proposal but until it has been published it is not possible for it to be fully evaluated.

As set out in the Programme for Government, Ireland remains committed to setting “ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2040 and ensure we have the correct mix of incentives and regulations to deliver those aims across all sectors of the economy.”

Judicial Reviews

Ceisteanna (174)

Ivana Bacik

Ceist:

174. Deputy Ivana Bacik asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the number of judicial review cases his Department has defended in each of the past ten years; the number in relation to which proceedings are pending or continuing; the number of cases which were lost and won, respectively, in the same period; the number of cases that settled in the past ten years; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [32836/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The information requested is currently being compiled by my Department, and will be forwarded to the Deputy shortly.

The following deferred reply was received under standing orders.
Substantive reply attached

Air Corps

Ceisteanna (175)

Mark Wall

Ceist:

175. Deputy Mark Wall asked the Tánaiste and Minister for Defence the number of female applicants and recruits to the Air Corps compared to other arms of the Defence Forces; the percentage new recruits that were women, in past five years; the steps his Department is taking to increase female participation in the Air Corps; the steps taken to raise awareness to female secondary level students in the local catchment of South Dublin County Council (details supplied) of options for employment and training in the Air Corps, in tabular form; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [31829/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The military authorities have advised that the number of female personnel in the Permanent Defence Force as at 30 April 2025, the latest date for which this figure is available, stood at 563.

Table A below sets out the number of women that were inducted into Air Corps (AC) as compared to the numbers of women inducted into the Army and Naval Service (NS) from 2020 to 2025 as at 30 April.

Table A:

-

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

AC Female Inductions

3

4

3

5

8

0

Army Female Inductions

34

25

32

24

25

6

NS Female Inductions

7

15

2

8

7

2

Table B below sets out the number of women who applied for the Air Corps (AC) as compared to the number of women who applied to the Army and Naval Service (NS) from 2020 to 2025 as at 30 April.

Table B:

-

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

AC Female Applications

130

137

136

257

469

233

Army Female Applications

839

733

791

695

1039

449

NS Female Applications

230

272

203

165

221

123

Table C below sets out the number of women who were inducted into the Permanent Defence Force (PDF) as compared to the overall number of personnel inducted from 2020 to 2025 as at 30 April.

Table C:

-

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Female Inductions into PDF

44

44

37

37

40

8

Total Inductions into PDF

538

576

435

415

708

161

% of Total inductions

8%

8%

9%

9%

6%

5%

In line with current policies and commitments, a number of initiatives have been implemented to increase the level of female participation in the Permanent Defence Force. These include the establishment by the Defence Forces of a female specific recruitment team which co-ordinates attendance of tri-service female specific recruiting teams at national and regional level events, fitness test requirements are tailored for females, and the Recruitment Office actively reach out to female applicants in the recruitment pipeline in order to support them throughout the application process as appropriate.

In response to the Deputy’s specific query about efforts by the Defence Forces to raise awareness amongst female secondary level students in the local catchment of South Dublin County Council, the military authorities have advised that the Air Corps have attended a careers event in St. Joseph's College Lucan. In addition, the Air Corps has facilitated visits from a number of schools to Casement Aerodrome several of which are local to the facility.

The Government remains committed to a policy of equal opportunity for men and women throughout the Defence Forces and to the full participation by women in all aspects of Defence Forces activities.

Roinn