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Wednesday, 8 Oct 2025

Written Answers Nos. 138-151

National Oil Reserves Agency

Ceisteanna (138)

Ken O'Flynn

Ceist:

138. Deputy Ken O'Flynn asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the current surplus in the National Oil Reserves Agency levy account; if the levy currently funds the holding of fuel stocks to assist in energy security in the event of a supply disruption as originally intended; if any portion of this surplus is intended to be redirected to the Climate Action Fund in Budget 2026; and if the Government will commit to a broader review of petroleum-related taxation in order to ensure the financial burden on consumers and businesses is proportionate and consistent with Ireland's energy security and decarbonisation objectives and is shared equally across all carbon emitting energy source. [54223/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The National Oil Reserves Agency (NORA) is funded by a levy on the sale of oil products. Its revenue is used to fund the purchase and storage of Ireland’s strategic oil stocks in the event of a supply disruption, and other expenses of the Agency. NORA's Annual Report and Financial Statements for 2024 show that levy income for 2024 was €122,937,000.

The National Oil Reserves Agency (Amendment) and Provision of Central Treasury Services Act 2020

was enacted on 1 August 2020. This legislation facilitates the transfer of NORA Levy funds to the

Climate Action Fund and is facilitated by my Department. €100 million was transferred by NORA to the Climate Action Fund in 2024. I anticipate a transfer of approximately €96m in 2025.

As the Deputy will be aware, taxation of petroleum products is a matter for the Minister of Finance. I am informed by my colleague, Minister Donohoe, that taxation of energy products is reviewed on an ongoing basis. Consideration of policy options has due regard to all relevant factors including the wider economic context, global energy market activity, consumer and business impacts, climate commitments and Exchequer impacts.

The taxation of petroleum-related products was most recently examined in the Tax Strategy Group paper on ‘Energy, Environmental and Vehicle Tax’, published by the Department of Finance in July. The Tax Strategy Group papers are published in advance of the Budget to facilitate informed discussion. They form part of the overall Budgetary and Finance Bill process which includes the National Economic Dialogue, the Budget Oversight Committee and the provision of pre-Budget submissions and engagement with specific groups and individuals. Tax policies relating to fossil fuels are kept under ongoing review by the Department of Finance.

Environmental Schemes

Ceisteanna (139)

Christopher O'Sullivan

Ceist:

139. Deputy Christopher O'Sullivan asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment if the SEAI Solar PV grants can be extended to properties build and occupied after 2021; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [53967/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

Domestic electricity micro-generation is supported by the Micro-generation Support Scheme (MSS). Grants are available through the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) for domestic installations of solar PV up to a maximum of €1,800 in 2025 and are available to houses built and occupied prior to 2021.

Since the introduction of the MSS domestic grant in 2022, the MSS has gone strength to strength supporting more homes install solar PV. Since its launch in 2022 when over 10,000 homes received support, the Domestic Solar PV grant scheme has grown exceeding expectations each year with 22, 214 and 28,000 homes receiving grant support in 2023 and 2024 respectively.

From 2022 to end of August 2025, over 90,000 homes have received grants totalling €196.7m, resulting in over 450 MW installed and 93.2kt CO2 saved. The scheme supports households to reduce their energy use and in turn make savings on their energy bills.

This high level of demand indicates that the scheme is working well and that not only have citizens recognised the significant benefits of investing in Solar PV, but that the solar pv industry and supply chain have adapted to the demands of our citizens.

The current scheme built on the success of a previous pilot version of the grant scheme. As part of the transition between schemes and in order to increase access to the new scheme, the eligibility criteria were changed from those houses built prior to 2011, to those built prior to 2021.

Targeting the grant scheme at older homes, maximizes emissions reductions and delivers energy savings for the widest range of homeowners possible, whilst also making the most efficient use of limited Exchequer funding for the scheme. There are no plans to change the building year requirement at this stage but grant eligibility will be kept under review, and changes to the scheme will be made when necessary.

Official Engagements

Ceisteanna (140)

Barry Heneghan

Ceist:

140. Deputy Barry Heneghan asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment if he met formally with a person (details supplied) during the recent UN General Assembly week; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [53996/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

I recently travelled to New York to attend the United Nations General Assembly for High Level Week.

While there, I participated in a number of high level events, including the Secretary General's Climate Summit, the COP30-IEA Climate Solutions Dialogue event, and the opening of the 80th General Assembly, which I attended with both the Taoiseach and Tánaiste.

During the week I had the opportunity to meet with some of my international counterparts, including Matthew Samuda, Jamaica's Minister of Water, Environment and Climate Change, and Lars Aagaard, Denmark’s Minister for Climate, Energy and Utilities. Discussions were had on preparations for COP30 and international climate priorities, as we look towards Ireland's Presidency of the EU in the second half of 2026.

I met Minister Chris Bowen, Australia's Minister for Climate Change and Energy, briefly while I was in New York and we both attended a summit on renewable energy transitions hosted by the International Energy Agency and had an informal, introductory conversation afterwards.

State Bodies

Ceisteanna (141)

Richard Boyd Barrett

Ceist:

141. Deputy Richard Boyd Barrett asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the reason the Environmental Protection Agency is excluded from Ombudsman oversight, and the alternative accountability mechanism exist that are accessible to members of the public. [54022/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1993 under the Environmental Protection Agency Act, 1992. It is a non-commercial, independent regulatory body as set out under that Act and, as Minister, I am precluded from exercising any power or control in relation to the performance by the EPA of its functions.

As a regulator, the EPA enforces environmental legislation and carries out other functions in accordance with the EPA Act 1992, which includes Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) and Industrial Emissions (IE) licensing. Those licences are awarded, refused, or awarded with conditions based on the relevant legislation and the individual facts of each application. The decisions of the EPA can be appealed under the EPA Act 1992 and it is a matter for the Courts to decide the validity of the decision under Judicial Review.

International Agreements

Ceisteanna (142)

Malcolm Byrne

Ceist:

142. Deputy Malcolm Byrne asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment his views on a possible global fossil fuel non-proliferation treaty; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [54024/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The Government recognises that our reliance on fossil fuels is incompatible with the Paris Agreement and a low-carbon future. Ireland supports measures that reinforce and advance our transition away from reliance on fossil fuels and will promote and support measures at international level which avoid locking in further long-term fossil fuel consumption.

International collaboration is key to achieving the widespread, transformative change needed to tackle climate change. Ireland is actively involved in a number of international climate initiatives which advocate for ambitious energy transition actions which will contribute to keeping warming below 1.5C, such as the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance, the Powering Past Coal Alliance, the High Ambition Coalition and the Global Offshore Wind Alliance.

My officials have held meetings with representatives from the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty, continue to monitor its progress, and consideration of the merits of the proposal are ongoing.

Climate Change Policy

Ceisteanna (143)

Malcolm Byrne

Ceist:

143. Deputy Malcolm Byrne asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment if he would consider Ireland hosting a future Conference of the Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [54025/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, more commonly known as COP, meets annually in a location decided by the Parties. In practice, the COP is usually hosted in the country which holds the Presidency of the COP, which rotates amongst the five regional groupings. Ireland is a member of the Western European and Others Group (WEOG) which is scheduled to hold the Presidency for COP31 (2026). Based on a five year schedule, WEOG could next be expected to hold the Presidency for COP36 (2031).

The COP is the largest annual United Nations event and the hosting of a COP is a substantial undertaking by any Presidency. Preparing for a COP is a multi-annual process, involving complex logistical, security and diplomatic efforts, and requiring considerable financial expenditure from the host country.

There are currently no plans for Ireland to seek the COP Presidency.

Wind Energy Generation

Ceisteanna (144, 145, 146)

Mattie McGrath

Ceist:

144. Deputy Mattie McGrath asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the amount of funding developers of wind energy farms have received from the State in the previous ten years; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [54064/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Mattie McGrath

Ceist:

145. Deputy Mattie McGrath asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the amount of funding developers of solar energy farms have received from the State in the previous ten years; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [54066/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Mattie McGrath

Ceist:

146. Deputy Mattie McGrath asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the amount of funding developers of large scale renewable energy projects have received from the State in the previous ten years; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [54070/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

I propose to take Questions Nos. 144, 145 and 146 together.

Under the Programme for Government, Government reaffirmed the target of increasing renewable generation to supply 80% of our electricity demand and to continue the annual Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (RESS) auction programme to underpin this.

The RESS auctions provide pathways for renewable developers to plan and develop their large-scale projects by guaranteeing a fixed price for the electricity they produce once operational. Technologies supported by RESS include onshore wind, solar, and hybrids.

RESS projects receive support through the PSO levy, which is applied to all electricity customers collected by electricity suppliers as part of their bills. Under the PSO, over 4.6 GW of renewable generation is supported by the Renewable Energy Feed In Tariff (REFIT) schemes and the RESS. As such, neither wind nor solar renewable energy projects receive any funding from the State.

RESS projects only receive support from the PSO once they become operational. The support then only applies when the wholesale price of electricity is below the contract price. When wholesale prices exceed the contract price, RESS projects must repay the difference back into the PSO.

The table attached details the support provided to REFIT and RESS projects by the PSO for each year over the past ten years.

It should be noted that the negative figures are years in which the consumer received a net refund from the PSO.

The latest CRU Decision on the PSO Levy for the period October 2025 to September 2026 is available at www.CRU.ie.

Year

State Funding

PSO total annual support € Millions

PSO Monthly cost (Domestic) €

2016/17

0

392

6.02

2017/18

0

472

7.69

2018/19

0

209

3.48

2019/20

0

176

2.84

2020/21

0

393.13

6.52

2021/22

0

263.70

4.30

2022/23

0

- 491.25

- 7.43

2023/24

0

- 67.47

0.00

2024/25

0

251.79

1.57

2025/26

0

162.37

2.01

Question No. 145 answered with Question No. 144.
Question No. 146 answered with Question No. 144.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Ceisteanna (147, 148)

Mattie McGrath

Ceist:

147. Deputy Mattie McGrath asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the estimated cost to the State to achieve its 2050 climate plan of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [54072/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Mattie McGrath

Ceist:

148. Deputy Mattie McGrath asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the expected cost to the State to achieve its 2030 climate plan of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 51% compared to 2018 levels; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [54074/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

I propose to take Questions Nos. 147 and 148 together.

Achieving Ireland's climate ambitions requires a significant, long-term and coordinated investment of both public and private capital. The costs and investment frameworks for the 2030 and 2050 targets are outlined in Government strategies, most notably the Climate Action Plan, the Long-term Strategy on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and the National Development Plan (NDP).

The cost of climate action, or inaction, can arise in a number of ways. Direct costs to business or the Exchequer to mitigate or adapt to the effects of climate change, or costs arising as a

In terms of Government spending, the Irish Fiscal Advisory Council (2023) projects that investment in the order of €1.6–3.0 billion annually will be required in 2026–2030.

Within my own sectoral remit of energy, the investment is particularly significant. Decarbonising the electricity sector, which is targeted with a 75% emissions reduction by 2030, has a potential infrastructure investment requirement of €40 billion to €44 billion. This includes essential supporting grid upgrades, which will be backed by a €3.5 billion equity injection for ESB and EirGrid under the newly revised NDP.

This investment is guided by the updated NDP, which now allocates €102.4 billion in public capital investment to 2030, including a €5.64 billion provision for my Department. However, reliance solely on Exchequer funding is neither affordable nor sufficient to deliver the transformation required. Therefore, the State's strategy is to leverage private investment through mechanisms such as the Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (RESS) and its offshore and small-scale counterparts. These schemes provide the certainty needed to attract the private capital essential for developing our renewable energy resources.

While upfront costs are significant, the transition to renewable energy and electricity yields net economic gains, lower fossil fuel imports, a growing green workforce, cleaner air and greater energy security. The CCAC Annual Review 2025 on Adaptation underlines that investing early avoids far higher repair bills, insurance losses and economic shocks. The Government’s objective is to manage the transition to a climate neutral economy in 2050 in a manner that protects growth and competitiveness, and provides for a Just Transition for all.

Question No. 148 answered with Question No. 147.

Emergency Planning

Ceisteanna (149)

Ken O'Flynn

Ceist:

149. Deputy Ken O'Flynn asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the measures being taken by his Department, in coordination with local authorities and the ESB, to prepare for the impact of storm Amy, including flood defences, emergency response protocols, and the safeguarding of electricity supply in coastal and rural areas. [54143/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

Preparations by local authorities and the preparation of flood defences is a matter for the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage and the Office of Public Works respectively.

My Department engaged in significant preparatory work in advance of Storm Amy last week including attending technical briefings hosted by the National Directorate for Fire and Emergency Management (NDFEM). These briefings included significant inputs from Met Eireann on the arrival of Storm Amy and the warnings that would come into play which assisted agencies in their preparedness.

Officials in my Department were also in regular contact with their counterparts in ESB Networks (ESB-N) and EirGrid prior to the storm and throughout the weekend. Officials attended sub-groups hosted by the NDFEM that dealt with the humanitarian response and the impacts on all critical infrastructure.

I am advised that ESB-N entered preparedness mode in advance of Storm Amy and mobilised repair crews and contract partners to the areas that were expected to be most impacted. ESB-N developed and issued Public Safety Messages ahead of the arrival of Storm Amy, alongside Local Authorities and State Agencies. There was significant engagement between these parties to identify critical sites for urgent repairs and ensure timely access.

With regard to the safeguarding of electricity supply in coastal and rural areas, following Storm Éowyn, I asked ESB-N to prepare as a priority a Winter 2025 Resilience Plan to enhance the resilience of the grid in the most vulnerable locations for the upcoming winter. This has been progressing since April and the actions include:

ESB-N has progressed remedial works post Storm Éowyn, needed to refurbish the network.

ESB-N continues to work with Coillte and the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine to identify segments of the network at highest future risk. Timber harvesters have been procured and during the summer began to cut timber according to this prioritisation.

Emergency stocks of spare parts and materials are being replenished.

Staffing levels and available contractor resources are being increased through provision of targeted training programmes. In addition, my Department has progressed the issue of permits for skilled workers from outside the EU to advance urgent forestry work.

ESB-N is leading a working group at EU level to establish formal arrangements for mutual aid during extreme weather events.

ESB-N is also increasing the number of access officers who manage engagement with landowners on forestry work. My Department is preparing legislation to enhance ESB-N’s powers to manage vegetation, place the dimensions and conditions of corridors through forestry on a statutory footing, and establish principles for the compensation of affected landowners. Cabinet approved the Heads of this Bill in July and work on advancing the legislation continues.

I should also highlight that significant investment in the electricity grid which supports overall resilience is ongoing. The National Development Plan will provide for the provision of up to €3.5 billion in additional equity to support an unprecedented investment in electricity grid infrastructure over 2026 – 2030. €2 billion will be provided to EirGrid and €1.5 billion to ESB. This equity will enable both companies to raise finance for the planned investment of up to €18 billion.

Electricity Generation

Ceisteanna (150)

Colm Burke

Ceist:

150. Deputy Colm Burke asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the amount of uptake for the small-scale renewable electricity support scheme for SMEs; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [54203/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The Programme for Government commits to promoting the Small-Scale Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (SRESS). The scheme provides financial incentives to develop smaller scale solar and wind energy and was designed with two support mechanisms to suit two distinct cohorts of applicants.

The first phase of SRESS was launched in July 2023. This sees both SRESS and the Microgeneration Support Scheme (MSS) providing grant support to businesses, farms, public buildings, and communities with grants that support solar installations. These non-domestic scheme grants are supporting renewables self-consumers to invest in systems of up to 1MW in size. Renewables self-consumers are electricity customers that produce renewable electricity for their own use. They are also legally entitled to sell any excess electricity that they produce to their electricity supplier, or else store it for their own use.

The SRESS export phase (SRESS 1) is designed for SME, farm and community export only projects above 50kW to 6MW. SRESS offers a simpler route to market for the groups, with fixed tariffs for solar and wind, aligning more closely to the capacity of these sectors. All export projects up to 1MW can also apply to SRESS, and need not be SME, farm or community projects.

The scheme opened for applications in January. The SRESS application form together with the terms and conditions, a non-technical summary and a guide to first steps in starting an export or self-consumption renewable project, are available on the Department’s website at www.gov.ie/SRESS

Five SME and five community applications have been accepted into the scheme. My Department is also processing additional SME and community applications that have been received.

Electricity Generation

Ceisteanna (151)

Colm Burke

Ceist:

151. Deputy Colm Burke asked the Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment the amount of uptake of the non-domestic microgen grant scheme for electricity used on farms to date; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [54205/25]

Amharc ar fhreagra

Freagraí scríofa

The second phase of the Micro-generation Support Scheme (MSS) commenced on 22 September 2022 when the SEAI extended the solar PV grant scheme to the non-domestic sector, including schools, businesses, small farms and community enterprises, for installations up to 6kW.

An extended funding range from €2,700 to €162,600 was introduced in July 2023 to support non-domestic installation sizes between 7 kWp and 1,000 kWp (1 MW) capacity, on a pilot basis to the end of 2023. This includes cohorts typically covered under the Small-Scale Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (SRESS).

Since its launch, the amended Non Domestic Micro Generation (NDMG) scheme has proved an overwhelming success and as such, it has now been extended for 2025, at the same level of grant supports for installations up to 1 MW.

The total approved applications on the NDMG scheme in the Agriculture Forestry and Fishery sector amounts to €2,452,197 which equates to 165 applications. Of this, SEAI have paid out €1,240,730 (127 applications) and will result in a installed capacity of over 10 MW.

There have been a wide range of sectors supported within agriculture such as beef, dairy, poultry, pig, tillage, cultivation (potato) as well as horticulture. There is a good geographic spread of farms supported with almost every county in the country having been supported with a NDMG grant.

The TAMS (Targeted Agriculture Modernisation Scheme) by the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine also provides very attractive grants for Solar PV including Battery Storage for systems designed to meet the on-site requirements of the farm. An agricultural applicant is free to apply to either scheme depending on what suits their situation. An applicant cannot apply to both schemes for same installation.

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