I propose to take Questions Nos. 861 and 862 together.
The trade in and the export of animals is a private commercial activity, but it is heavily regulated by European and National law which my Department enforces. My Department takes its responsibilities in the matter of animal welfare very seriously and exercises close oversight and deploys considerable resources to the area of animal welfare in general, including in respect of animals being transported.
Trade in animals to other Member States and export of animals to third countries from Ireland must be conducted in compliance with legislative requirements. My Department ensures that animals are fit for transport and comply with the terms of their health certification, as well as ensuring that journeys are only allowed in conditions whereby animals can be transported in compliance with the EU's animal welfare legislation and with Ireland’s national legislation.
Independent data on the health and welfare of Irish calves in Dutch veal production systems indicates they have significantly lower mortality and lower antibiotic usage, indicating that they arrive in good condition.