Written Answers Nos. 668-687
668. Deputy Mattie McGrath asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the number people that have been prosecuted for breach of the in-camera rule in family courts; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71327/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraAs the Deputy will appreciate, management of the Courts is the responsibility of the Courts Service, which is independent in the exercising of its functions under the Courts Service Act 1998 and the Constitution.
However, to be of assistance, my officials have made enquiries regarding the matters raised. In respect of the number of prosecutions for breach of the in-camera rule in family courts, the Courts Service have advised my Department that their record management system does not capture this information in a manner that would allow for the details sought by the Deputy to be provided.
669. Deputy Ken O'Flynn asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration if the proposed new wing, for the planned extension at Midlands Prison in Portlaoise recently approved by Cabinet as part of a fast-tracked expansion, is to be constructed on the site currently occupied by the prison's award-winning horticulture facility; if so, the rationale for dismantling a nationally-recognised rehabilitation and education unit that has featured in programming (details supplied) farming and agri-education publications, and multiple public-interest articles highlighting its proven success in upskilling prisoners, supporting reintegration, and delivering positive environmental and community outcomes; and if any impact assessment, cost-benefit analysis, or consultation with staff and stakeholders was undertaken before deciding to remove the horticulture unit to make way for additional cell capacity. [71356/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraThe Irish Prison Service's (IPS) capital plan includes a proposed new accommodation wing extension at Midlands Prison. Such extensions and/or additions within the prison estate are considered relatively cost effective, given the host of ancillary facilities and significant infrastructure already in place.
I am advised that the proposed site has temporary polytunnels in place which forms part of the horticulture programme operated within the prison. While plans and design intent are still at a very early stage, the construction of the new Prison Block will require these temporary facilities to be relocated in an adjacent location, in advance of the main construction works, in order to ensure that the horticulture programme will be minimally impacted.
The IPS have further advised that it is not the intention to close the horticulture programme. The Midlands Prison Horticulture Programme is a successful work training initiative which provides prisoners with valuable gardening and landscaping skills, offering therapeutic benefits, supporting community projects which the Irish Prison Service intend to continue. As the project progresses assessments, analysis and stakeholder engagements will be conducted as required.
670. Deputy Peadar Tóibín asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the number of Gardaí recruited in each of the past 24 months, in tabular form. [71359/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraGetting more Gardaí on our streets to improve community safety and to prevent and detect crime is my first priority as Minister. This Government is committed to ensuring that An Garda Síochána has the resources it needs, and I was very pleased to secure unprecedented funding in Budget 2026 of €2.59 billion to support recruitment and staffing.
Recruitment into An Garda Síochána is now gathering real momentum. Overall, 794 trainees have entered the Garda College this year, the highest number since 2018. There was also significant interest in two Garda recruitment competitions, with over 11,100 people applying to join An Garda Síochána in 2025. This demonstrates that there is a strong and sustained interest in a career as a Garda amongst the public.
In the interest of transparency, An Garda Síochána publishes information in relation to the allocation of Gardaí nationally. This includes a breakdown of Probationer Gardaí assigned by Division and training station nationwide, and this can be found at the following link: www.garda.ie/en/about-us/our-departments/human-resources-and-people-development/garda-hr-directorate/garda-strength-breakdown-2025/ .
The Deputy should select the most recently available date and then select the file titled ‘Allocation of Probationer Garda by Division and Station to the most recent date" to access a breakdown of Garda members.
A total of 1218 Gardaí have attested from the Garda College in 2024 and 2025 (including the most recent November attestation).
671. Deputy Peadar Tóibín asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the number of Gardaí who left the force in each of the past 24 months, in tabular form. [71360/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraUnder Section 33 of the Policing, Security and Community Safety Act 2024 the Garda Commissioner is responsible for the management and administration of Garda business, which includes all internal HR matters, such as retirements and resignations. Furthermore, under Section 34(1) of the same Act, the Garda Commissioner is independent in the performance of his functions.
I am advised by the Garda authorities that the following table outlines the number of Gardaí who have retired and resigned from An Garda Síochána in 2023, 2024 and 2025 as of 31 October. Figures include Voluntary, Compulsory and Cost Neutral Early Retirements, Resignations, Resignations not suitable for appointment and Resignation in lieu of dismissal. It has not been possible to collate a breakdown by month within the timeframe available.
|
Year |
Number |
|
2023 |
486 |
|
2024 |
379 |
|
2025 |
293* |
|
Total |
1158 |
*Figures as of 31 October 2025.
672. Deputy Donna McGettigan asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the amount that An Garda Síochána spent on purchasing anti-vehicle ram barriers in 2024 and to-date in 2025, in tabular form; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71392/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraI can assure the Deputy that I am committed to ensuring that An Garda Síochána has the resources it needs for its vital policing work, and a strengthened, well-resourced Garda organisation is central to this policy. In this regard the Garda Vote in Budget 2026 saw an unprecedented allocation of over €2.59 billion for the year, a 33% increase since 2021.
The Garda Commissioner is responsible for managing and administering An Garda Síochána under the Policing, Security and Community Safety Act 2024, including responsibility for the allocation and deployment of resources and the purchase of equipment.
I am informed by Garda authorities that no anti-vehicle ram barriers have been purchased by An Garda Síochána in 2024 or in 2025 to date.
673. Deputy Donna McGettigan asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the amount spent on vehicle recovery services within Clare-Tipperary division in 2023 to-date in 2025, by year, in tabular form; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71393/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraI have requested the information sought by the Deputy from the Garda authorities. Regrettably, this was not available in time and I will write to the Deputy once the information is to hand.
674. Deputy Conor Sheehan asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the position regarding an Extension of Work Permit Condition (EWPC) application (details supplied); the reason for the delay in processing this application; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71401/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraThe Extension of Work Permit Conditions (EWPC) application from the person referred to by the Deputy continues to be processed by my Department.
It is important to note that no two applications are the same and some take longer than others to process. Each EWPC application is evaluated individually and the time taken to process an application varies based on a number of factors such as the number of applications on hand, the complexity of the case and the quality of the application received.
Applicants can now directly check the status of their immigration application on the Immigration Service’s Customer Service Portal. They can register for, or log in to their existing account, at: [www.portal.irishimmigration.ie/en/]
As an Oireachtas member, you can also request the status of individual immigration cases by e-mail, using the Oireachtas Mail facility at: IMoireachtasmail@justice.ie, which has been specifically established for this purpose. This service enables up to date information on such cases to be obtained without the need to seek information by way of the Parliamentary Question process.
675. Deputy Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the number of unmarked Garda vans attached to each Garda Division as of 8 December 2025, in tabular form. [71419/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraThe Garda Commissioner is responsible for the allocation of resources throughout the State under section 33 of the Policing, Security and Community Safety Act 2024.
I am advised by the Garda authorities that the purchase and allocation of vehicles by An Garda Síochána is made on the basis of identified operational demands, the availability of resources and is reviewed on a continual basis.
The table below has been provided to me by the Garda authorities and outlines the number of unmarked Garda vans allocated to each division as of the 8 December 2025.
|
Division |
Unmarked Vans |
|
DMR East |
8 |
|
DMR North |
5 |
|
DMR North Central |
7 |
|
DMR Regional Office |
8 |
|
DMR South |
8 |
|
DMR South Central |
9 |
|
DMR Traffic |
2 |
|
DMR West |
7 |
|
Kildare/Carlow |
9 |
|
Laois/Offaly |
8 |
|
Meath/WestMeath |
9 |
|
Waterford/Kilkenny |
14 |
|
Wexford/Wicklow |
9 |
|
Donegal |
9 |
|
Galway |
16 |
|
Louth/Cavan/Monaghan |
19 |
|
Mayo/Roscommon/Longford |
9 |
|
Sligo/Leitrim |
6 |
|
Clare/Tipperary |
11 |
|
Cork City |
17 |
|
Cork County |
12 |
|
Kerry |
9 |
|
Limerick |
11 |
|
National Units |
115 |
|
TOTAL |
337 |
An Garda Síochána publishes information on the Garda fleet. Information on vehicles assigned to the Garda fleet to date in 2025 can be found at the following link:
www.garda.ie/en/about-us/our-departments/finance-services/finance-fleet-management.html
676. Deputy Shónagh Ní Raghallaigh asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the ages of the horsebox vehicles currently available to the Garda Mounted Unit, in tabular form. [71420/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraThe Garda Commissioner is responsible for the management and administration of An Garda Síochána, including the deployment of resources available to him, under the Policing, Security and Community Safety Act 2024.
The table below, provided by the Garda authorities, outlines the age profile of vehicles attached to the Garda Mounted Unit as of 30 November 2025:
|
AGE PROFILE |
NO. OF VEHICLES |
|
< 1 year |
1 |
|
1 – 2 years |
0 |
|
2 – 4 years |
0 |
|
4 – 6 years |
2 |
|
6+ years |
2 |
|
TOTAL |
5 |
The purchase and allocation of vehicles by An Garda Síochána is made on the basis of identified operational demands and the availability of resources. These needs are reviewed on a continual basis.
I am further informed by Garda management that there are currently no plans to purchase additional vehicles for the Mounted Unit as part of Fleet Management’s 2026 Purchase Plan.
677. Deputy Joe Neville asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration to provide an update on a visa appeal (detail supplied) where the applicant has been waiting a considerable amount of time on their appeal; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71424/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraThe appeal referred to by the Deputy was launched on 31 July 2025.
It should be noted that visa appeals are dealt with in strict chronological order. A decision will be issued to the applicant as soon as full consideration has been given by a Visa Appeals Officer.
The person concerned can now directly check the status of their visa appeal on the Immigration Service’s Customer Service Portal. They can register for, or log in to their existing account, at:
www.portal.irishimmigration.ie/en/ .
As an Oireachtas member, you can also request the status of individual immigration cases by e-mail, using the Oireachtas Mail facility at: IMoireachtasmail@justice.ie, which has been specifically established for this purpose. This service enables up to date information on such cases to be obtained without the need to seek information by way of the Parliamentary Question process.
678. Deputy Eoghan Kenny asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration if education providers recruiting non-EEA students on Stamp 2 conditions are required to submit periodic returns to his Department and/or Immigration Service Delivery (ISD), including spreadsheets or lists of currently enrolled students; the frequency and format of such returns; whether a standard template is used; and the fields which are collected (including provider name, programme type, course dates and nationality); and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71434/25]
Amharc ar fhreagra679. Deputy Eoghan Kenny asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the systems which are used to store and manage any provider returns submitted (including spreadsheets); whether the information is stored centrally; the specific reasons his Department has stated that provider-level education information “is not available in a manner which allows detailed data to be extracted”, including whether this limitation is technical, resource-related or due to data standardisation issues; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71435/25]
Amharc ar fhreagra680. Deputy Eoghan Kenny asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the total number of Stamp 2 registrations/renewals processed; the number of unique individuals to whom those registrations/renewals relate; if his Department cannot provide the number of unique individuals, the steps which will be taken to prevent annual registration figures being interpreted as student headcount, for 2020 to 2024, by year, in tabular form; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71436/25]
Amharc ar fhreagra681. Deputy Eoghan Kenny asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration further to Parliamentary Question No. 437 of 2 December 2025, the number of Stamp 2 permission holders who were required to register/renew more than once within the same calendar year; the distribution of those multiple registrations/renewals (that is, the number which were counted twice, three times, and so on), as referenced in the footnote to his previous reply; from 2020 to 2024, by year; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71437/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraI propose to take Questions Nos. 678, 679, 680 and 681 together.
The Programme for Government contains a commitment to publish a National Migration and Integration Strategy detailing how the Government intends to meet the demands and opportunities facing Ireland’s society and economy over the next decade. My Department is currently working with other Government Departments to develop this strategy with the aim to publish it in 2026.
As part of this strategic approach, I am reviewing the area of student permissions, including with regard to English Language students. This work is aimed at ensuring that the system remains robust and rules-based, supports high-quality education providers, and continues to offer a positive experience for genuine students coming to Ireland.
International students from outside the EU/EEA are granted a residence permission on Stamp 2 conditions where they have enrolled on, and commenced a course listed on the Interim List of Eligible Programmes (ILEP), or eligible programmes offered by providers with authorisation to use the new TrustEd Education mark awarded by the Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI).
All education providers listed on the ILEP are required to maintain attendance records and this is a key criterion under ILEP. They must have systems in place for the recording of student attendance and clearly outline the rules on punctuality and the related penalties. Such records must be available for inspection by, or submission to, the Immigration Service Delivery (ISD) of my Department at any time.
Any education provider may be subject to unannounced inspections, on-line monitoring, or random spot checks to ensure its compliance with ILEP criteria, and this includes the maintenance of records and reports. These may be requested by ISD at any time and failure to do so can result in the removal of a provider from the ILEP. If a student is expelled, withdraws, or fails to attend a course of education, an ILEP provider is required to notify ISD.
In August 2025, my Department communicated with all ILEP listed English Language providers seeking their formal agreement in respect of data sharing for the purpose of processing student immigration residence permissions. All providers intending to recruit non-EEA national students responded positively.
Providers are required to submit template information on a weekly basis to ISD. This includes data on enrolments, attendance rates and expulsions. All information received from providers is stored on my Department's operating system. In the event that a student is not attending a course of study, or is expelled, ISD will investigate each individual case accordingly.
Once the ILEP is discontinued, only education providers granted authorisation to use the TrustEd Ireland mark provided by QQI will be eligible to recruit non-EU/EEA students to English language programmes, foundation programmes and higher education programmes leading to awards within the National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ).
The table below details the number of people granted a student immigration residence permission from 2020 to 2024. Figures for 2025 will be available in early 2026.
|
Year |
Number of Stamp 2 Registrations |
|
2020 |
30,980 |
|
2021 |
28,717 |
|
2022 |
52,845 |
|
2023 |
60,882 |
|
2024 |
60,901 |
* Figures are correct at time of issue, however, all statistics may be subject to data cleansing
As referenced in previous Parliamentary Questions, these figures reflect the people, or unique individuals, required to register or renew their immigration permission in a calendar year. Most renewals are annual, however, there may be students that were required to register/renew multiple times in the same calendar year, such as English Language students. Therefore, these numbers per year should not be summed to an overall total but rather reflect the number of unique individuals required to register or renew in that calendar year.
Information regarding the educational institution a person is attending, as well as the number of times they register in a particular year, is recorded on each individual person’s file. To desegregate this data in the detailed manner requested by the Deputy would require the manual examination of thousands of registrations. Such an examination would require a disproportionate amount of time to compile and would deflect resources from processing the very significant annual number of applications for first-time registration and immigration permission renewals.
682. Deputy Eoghan Kenny asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration if he will commit that no major changes to policies affecting international education students on Stamp 2 conditions including English language education will proceed until accurate, extractable data distinguishing English language students from higher education and other Stamp 2 cohorts can be ascertained; to ensure that structured engagement has taken place with the representative bodies of the sector and an SME Test (where applicable) has been completed or a written justification provided; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71439/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraThe Programme for Government 2025 contains a commitment to publish a National Migration and Integration Strategy detailing how we intend to meet the demands and the opportunities facing Ireland’s society and economy over the next decade. My Department is currently working collaboratively with other Government departments to develop this strategy with the aim to publish Ireland’s first overarching whole-of-government National Migration and Integration Strategy in 2026.
As part of this strategic approach, I am reviewing the area of student permissions, including with regard to English Language students. This work is aimed at ensuring that the system remains robust and rules-based, supports high-quality education providers, and continues to offer a positive experience for genuine students coming to Ireland.
At Government level, the administration and management of international student programmes is within the remit of the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science (DFHERIS), with my Department having responsibility for visa and related residency policies.
I have met recently with the Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science (DFHERIS), James Lawless, to discuss this work and explore how our departments can continue to collaborate effectively on this work.
Given that this review into student permissions is at its initial stages, there are no current plans for immediate public or sectoral consultation at this juncture. However, my Department will consider its engagement with the English Language sector once more detailed proposals are developed.
I hope to bring forward proposals in this area in the coming months.
683. Deputy Conor Sheehan asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration if the proposed changes to the immigration system will apply retrospectively to people who are already in the system; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71457/25]
Amharc ar fhreagra701. Deputy Michael Cahill asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration whether the proposed change to the citizenship residency requirement from three to five years for people with international protection status, will apply to those who have already lived in Ireland for more than five years but have not yet submitted an application for citizenship; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71641/25]
Amharc ar fhreagra702. Deputy Michael Cahill asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration whether the proposed change to the citizenship residency requirement from three to five years for people with international protection status, will apply to applicants who have already submitted their citizenship application and are currently awaiting a decision; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71642/25]
Amharc ar fhreagra703. Deputy Michael Cahill asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the way in which citizenship applications from people with international protection status will be prioritised; whether those who have lived in Ireland longer will be processed first; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71643/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraI propose to take Questions Nos. 683, 701, 702 and 703 together.
Last month Minister O'Callaghan and I secured Government approval to introduce new policies and legislative changes to strengthen Ireland’s migration and asylum system to ensure it is rules-based, efficient and more aligned with EU Member States.
As part of this, I intend to make a number of changes to the legislation on the granting of citizenship.
One policy change which I have already made relates to the residency requirements of a person granted international protection to be granted citizenship, came into effect on 8 December 2025.
I want to clarify for the Deputy that International Protection applicants are not eligible to apply for naturalisation. Only individuals who have been granted an International Protection declaration and who have accrued the required period of reckonable residence in the State can be considered for Irish citizenship.
Previously, individuals granted international protection status could apply for citizenship after a time period of three years. Effective from 8 December 2025 persons granted international protection will generally be required to have five years of reckonable residence in the State before they can apply for citizenship.
Applications for citizenship received before 8 December 2025 will continue to be processed under the previous three year rule, while applications submitted on or after that date will be assessed in line with the new five year residency requirement. This change brings citizenship applicants with international protection status in line with most other citizenship applicants.
It is important to note that applications for naturalisation are not prioritised on the basis of an applicant's length of residence in the State. Rather, applications are processed in the order in which they are received, subject to the completion of all necessary checks.
All applications for a certificate of naturalisation are assessed individually based on the provisions of the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 1956, as amended.
Detailed information on how to apply for naturalisation and other resources is available on my Department’s Immigration website here: ww.irishimmigration.ie/how-to-become-a-citizen/ .
684. Deputy Robert O'Donoghue asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration if his attention has been drawn to when the full figures for student immigration on Stamp 2 Visas will be available for 2025; if his attention has been drawn to any recent closures of any institutions which provide the courses listed on the Interim List of Eligible Programmes , or eligible programmes offered by providers with authorisation to use the new TrustEd Education mark awarded by the Quality and Qualifications Ireland ; if there are any plans to reduce the overall number of Stamp 2 Visas issued to English-language students; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71469/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraThe Programme for Government contains a commitment to publish a National Migration and Integration Strategy detailing how the Government intends to meet the demands and opportunities facing Ireland’s society and economy over the next decade. My Department is currently working with other Government Departments to develop this strategy with the aim to publish it in 2026.
As part of this strategic approach, I am reviewing the area of student permissions, including with regard to English Language students. This work is aimed at ensuring that the system remains robust and rules-based, supports high-quality education providers, and continues to offer a positive experience for genuine students coming to Ireland.
I can advise the Deputy that the number of people granted a student immigration permission on Stamp 2 conditions for 2025, will be available in early 2026. The numbers of such permissions granted in 2024 was 60,901. Numbers reflect those required to register/renew in a calendar year. Most renewals are annual. However, there may be students that were required to register/renew multiple times in the same calendar year.
International students from outside the EU/EEA are granted a permission on Stamp 2 conditions where they have enrolled on, and commenced a course listed on the Interim List of Eligible Programmes (ILEP), or eligible programmes offered by providers with authorisation to use the new TrustEd Education mark awarded by the Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI).
ILEP is being superseded by TrustEd Ireland, the international education mark launched in September 2024 by QQI and the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science (DFHERIS). TrustEd Ireland is a new statutory quality mark and part of a suite of legislative measures designed to further protect international learners.
Once the ILEP is discontinued, only education providers granted authorisation to use the TrustEd Ireland mark will be eligible to recruit students from outside the EEA to English language programmes, foundation programmes and higher education programmes leading to awards within the National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ).
The new mark will be awarded to higher education and English language education providers who have demonstrated that they meet national standards to ensure a quality experience for international learners from pre-enrolment through to the completion of their programme of education and training. Applications are currently being reviewed for the first application cycle, which closed in March 2025. Decisions are scheduled to issue in January 2026.
In 2025, my Department was notified of the closure of three education providers listed on the ILEP, and these providers were subsequently removed from the list.
685. Deputy Barry Ward asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the number of stamp 2 (work and study) visas issued in 2023, 2024 and 2025; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71480/25]
Amharc ar fhreagra686. Deputy Barry Ward asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the number of people issued with a stamp 2 (work and study) in each of the years 2023, 2024 and 2025, that remain in the State; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71481/25]
Amharc ar fhreagra687. Deputy Barry Ward asked the Minister for Justice, Home Affairs and Migration the total number of stamp 2 Visas that are currently issued in the country; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [71482/25]
Amharc ar fhreagraI propose to take Questions Nos. 685, 686 and 687 together.
The Programme for Government contains a commitment to publish a National Migration and Integration Strategy detailing how the Government intends to meet the demands and opportunities facing Ireland’s society and economy over the next decade. My Department is currently working with other Government Departments to develop this strategy with the aim to publish it in 2026.
As part of this strategic approach, I am reviewing the area of student permissions, including with regard to English Language students. This work is aimed at ensuring that the system remains robust and rules-based, supports high-quality education providers, and continues to offer a positive experience for genuine students coming to Ireland.
International students from outside the EU/EEA are granted a permission on Stamp 2 conditions where they have enrolled on, and commenced a course listed on the Interim List of Eligible Programmes (ILEP), or eligible programmes offered by providers with authorisation to use the new TrustEd Education mark awarded by the Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI).
The primary purpose of the Stamp 2 is to provide opportunities for study in Ireland. All applicants must show that they have sufficient funds to support their stay in Ireland without recourse to public funds, or the reliance on casual employment. Stamp 2 holders may, however, engage in casual employment for a maximum of 20 hours per week during school term and 40 hours per week during holidays.
The table below details the number of people granted a student immigration permission in 2023 and 2024. Figures for 2025 will be available in early 2026.
|
Year |
Number of Stamp 2 Registrations |
|
2023 |
60,882 |
|
2024 |
60,901 |
* Figures are correct at time of issue however all statistics may be subject to data cleansing
** Numbers reflect those required to register/renew in a calendar year. Most renewals are annual. However, there may be students that were required to register/renew multiple times in the same calendar year. These numbers per year should not be summed to an overall total but rather reflect the number required to register/renew in that calendar year.
