I propose to take Questions Nos. 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255 and 256 together.
Ireland has a robust legal framework in place to ensure women in the workplace who are pregnant have legal protection from unfair dismissal.
The Employment Equality Act 1998 and the Equal Status Act 2000 prohibit discrimination and harassment on specified grounds, including that of gender, in the field of employment and in the access to and supply of goods and services, respectively. The Acts place obligations on employers and service providers to take reasonable steps to accommodate the needs of people regardless of their gender.
The Maternity Protection Acts 1994–2004 ensure legal protection for those who are pregnant including in matters of employment and unfair dismissal. I would encourage those who feel they have been unfairly treated in the workplace due to being pregnant to obtain advice from the relevant experts in the Workplace Relations Commission.
The Workplace Relations Commission is an independent, statutory body which was established on 1st October 2015 under the Workplace Relations Act 2015 (No. 16 of 2015). The oversight of operations of the Workplace Relations Commission falls under the remit of the Department of Enterprise, Tourism and Employment.
The Department of Enterprise, Tourism and Employment has also advised that where an employee has been made redundant, they may be entitled to a redundancy payment. Under the Redundancy Payments Act 1967, it is the employer’s responsibility to pay statutory redundancy to eligible employees.
In order to qualify for a statutory redundancy payment, an employee must have 104 weeks' continuous employment, have been an employed contributor in employment which was insurable for all benefits under the Social Welfare Acts, and be over the age of 16.
In general, dismissal of an employee due to redundancy is not deemed to be an unfair dismissal for the purposes of the Unfair Dismissals Act 1977, as amended. In such cases, an employer must be able to demonstrate that the redundancy is genuine and the selection criteria and the redundancy process is substantively and procedurally fair.
The 1977 Act also provides for a number of grounds under which a dismissal is automatically considered unfair. This includes dismissals wholly or mainly related to pregnancy, attendance at anti-natal classes, giving birth or breastfeeding or any matters connected with pregnancy or birth. While normally employees require at least one year’s service with their employer to be covered under the Unfair Dismissals Act 1977, this does not apply if the dismissal wholly or mainly relates to the employee's pregnancy.
Where an employee believes their employer has breached their employment rights, they can make a complaint to the Workplace Relations Commission (WRC). In most cases, complaints must be made within 6 months of the alleged breach. The WRC can extend this to 12 months if the employee demonstrates reasonable cause.
With regard to the payment of Maternity Benefit, this is a matter for the Department of Social Protection, and more information should be sought from them in relation to this issue. However, it should be noted that if the contract of employment ends within 16 weeks of the end of the week in which the baby is due then Maternity Benefit may be paid depending on the amount of PRSI contributions accumulated.
Regarding provision of leave, significant improvements have been made in the entitlements to both paid and unpaid leaves in recent years, including by extending paid parent's leave for parents to allow them to spend more time with their baby during their earliest years.
The Maternity Protection Act 1994 and the Maternity Protection (Amendment) Act 2004 provide a pregnant employee with 26 weeks of paid maternity leave and an additional 16 weeks of unpaid leave, alongside other entitlements such as breastfeeding breaks after the return to work, which have been extended to two years following the birth of the child through the Work Life Balance and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2023. Furthermore, since 20 November 2024, employees can postpone their maternity leave if they require ongoing treatment for a serious health condition as set out in the Maternity Protection, Employment Equality and Preservation of Certain Records Act 2024.
Legal protections and family leave provisions are kept under review to ensure that they are effective and respond to the needs of families.